Executive-controlled processes are those higher order cognitive processes that control, integrate, organize, and maintain other cognitive abilities. Ĭognition is not a unidimensional construct – it consists of multiple domains, including executive-controlled processes. Up to thirty percent of stroke survivors have dementia as the result of a stroke event the incidence of dementia in the first year after a stroke is nine times greater than in an age-matched population. Impaired cognitive function is a common consequence of stroke. Impaired cognitive function may also contribute to the high incidence of falls observed in stroke survivors as cognitive dysfunction is associated with falls. Twenty-three percent to 73% of community-dwelling older adults with chronic stroke have been reported to fall over a four- to six-month period, with approximately half falling repeatedly. Furthermore, stroke-related impairments in physical function, such as impaired balance and mobility, presumably contribute to the high incidence of falls observed in stroke survivors. Most stroke survivors continue to live with impaired physical function which may promote a sedentary lifestyle and resultant secondary complications. Stroke is one of the most common chronic conditions seen in older adults, with the incidence approximately doubling each decade after the age of 55.
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